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营养失调包括营养低下及营养过度引起细胞免疫显著变化。蛋白～能量营养不良患者出现迟发型变态反应减弱以及循环 T 淋巴细胞数减少。试管内淋巴细胞受致有丝分裂原和抗原刺激可见不同的改变。无标记细胞数相对增加并出现白细胞末端转脱氧核苷酰酶活性增高。这些改变暗示 T 细胞前体分化减弱,可能由于胸腺激素活性降低所致。产生淋巴因子的变化不一至。子宫内生长缓慢的婴儿细胞免疫明显受损而且维持时间很长。特定营养缺乏对细胞免疫和免疫异常机制的影响各有不同,其中,锌和吡哆醇缺乏可出现明显的免疫抑制。肥胖症也使细胞免疫改变,这已在人体,遗传性肥胖小白鼠以及过量摄取类脂体,维生素,无机物和微量原素情况下出现。一些全身性疾病细胞免疫的营养调节是发病的重要决定因素。
Nutritional disorders include undernutrition and overnutrition that cause significant changes in cellular immunity. Patients with protein-energy malnutrition have weakened forms of delayed-type hypersensitivity and decreased numbers of circulating T-lymphocytes. In vitro lymphocytes undergo different changes in response to mitogen and antigen stimulation. The number of untagged cells increased and leukocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity increased. These changes suggest a diminished differentiation of T-cell precursors, possibly due to reduced thymic hormone activity. Changes in lymphokine variations vary. Infant cells with slow-growing infants in the uterus are significantly damaged and last for long periods of time. The effects of specific nutritional deficiencies on cellular and immune abnormalities vary, with significant immunosuppression of zinc and pyridoxine deficiency. Obesity also changes cellular immunity, which has occurred in humans, genetically obese mice, and excessive intake of lipids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Nutritional Regulation of Some Systemic Diseases Cellular immunity is an important determinant of onset.