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老年黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎是两种主要外层视网膜变性疾病,也是致盲的主要眼病。对于这种光感受器受损的视网膜疾病,人工视网膜技术是一种非常有希望的治疗途径。现在的人工视网膜技术都是基于神经电刺激发展起来的。在过去的二十多年时间里,人工视网膜技术主要分为两大方向:外层型和表层型。两种人工视网膜技术各有优缺点。对于表层型人工视网膜,植入更为方便,并且可以利用玻璃腔的空间对植入物进行散热。本文首先从视网膜多层结构的信号转换和传递功能出发,简单的介绍了人工视网膜技术的概念;概括了表层型视网膜电刺激需要考虑的一些重要方面;最后总结了美国、德国和日本的研究者研究的几种表层型人工视网膜方案。可以肯定,随着各相关学科的发展,人工视网膜将在不久的将来得到广泛的应用。
Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are two major outer retinal degenerative diseases and are also major eye diseases of blinding. Artificial retina technology is a very promising treatment for this photoreceptor-impaired retinal disease. Now artificial retina technology is based on neural electrical stimulation developed. In the past two decades, artificial retina technology can be divided into two main directions: the outer layer and the surface layer. Two artificial retina technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. For the surface of the artificial retina, the implant is more convenient, and can use the space of the glass cavity to heat the implant. In this paper, firstly, the concept of artificial retina was briefly introduced from the signal conversion and transmission function of the multi-layer structure of retina. Some important aspects to be considered in the surface retinal electrical stimulation were summarized. Finally, the researchers in the United States, Germany and Japan Several surface-type artificial retina studies were performed. To be sure, with the development of related disciplines, artificial retina will be widely used in the near future.