“市场均衡,严格说是资本主义私有制经济下的一种理论,它是建立在一定的数学模型基础上的。”王乃静博士如是说,“相比较而言,过去我们在计划经济体制下研究的马列主义经济学,没有很好地利用数学这个工具,而偏重于语言的描述,缺乏准确性和实用性。”戴一付宽边眼镜,说起话来不疾不徐、温文尔雅的王乃静博士,是中国经济理论界最早涉及在目前世界经济学领域占重要地位的数理经济学的先锋之一。他以对公有制下市场均衡理论的关注而被中央电视台“中华学人”栏目冠之为“研究公有制条件下市场均衡第一人”的称誉。何为均衡理论?这是现代资本主义市场经济的支柱理论之一。它是指在一个自由竞争的市场经济体系中,在某种最优化行为假设下,是否存在一个价格体系,既能满足生产者利润最大化,又能满足消费者效用最大化,从而使供求平衡,达到经济运行的最佳状态。这一命题自1874年法国经济学家提出后,一直没有得到很好的解决,直到1954年,才由美国经济学家阿罗和美籍法国数学家德布鲁,给出了私有制经济条件下 “Market equilibrium, strictly speaking, is a theory under the capitalist private-owned economy. It is based on a certain mathematical model.” According to Dr. Wang Naijing, “In the past, in the past, we were planning a system of economy Under the study of Marxism-Leninism economics, mathematics is not a good use of this tool, and the emphasis on language description, the lack of accuracy and practicality. ”Wear a pair of broad-brimmed glasses, spoke slowly, gentle Dr. Wang Naijing is one of the pioneers of mathematical economics which is the earliest Chinese economic theory circle to occupy an important position in the current world economics. He is credited with paying attention to the theory of market equilibrium under the public ownership by the title of “CCTV” and “Chinese scholars” as “the first person to have a balanced market under public ownership”. What is the equilibrium theory? This is one of the pillars of the modern capitalist market economy. It refers to the existence of a price system in a free-competitive market economy under the assumption of some optimal behavior, which can not only maximize the profit of producers but also maximize the utility of consumers so as to balance supply and demand , To achieve the best condition of economic operation. This proposition was proposed by the French economists in 1874 and has not been well resolved until it was formalized in 1954 by the U.S. economist Arro and the American French mathematician Debreu,