我认为,匈牙利的经济改革有十个教训值得借鉴和研究。 1.改革的环境不同。 虽然别国的许多做法值得学习,但由于国家的大小和民族的组成的不同,不能把一个人口也比较少的小国的管理方法和控制方法直接移植过来。 在民主德国和匈牙利实际上存在着两种并行的利益协调和决策机制:规范的机制(立法)和以私人关系及或多或少地以相互依赖和相互利用为基础的不规范的机制。因此体制的任何失灵可以通过相对放松这些关系得到克服,而没有必要花费许多精力使这些关系规范化。在 I think there are ten lessons to be learned from the economic reform in Hungary. 1. The environment for reform is different. Although many practices in other countries deserve to be learned, the management methods and control methods of a small country with a relatively small population can not be directly transplanted due to the differences in the size and ethnic composition of the country. There are in fact two parallel mechanisms of interest coordination and decision-making in Democrat Germany and Hungary: normative mechanisms (legislation) and non-standard mechanisms based on private relations and more or less interdependence and mutual utilization. So any failure of the system can be overcome by relative relaxation of these relations without the need to devote much effort to normalizing these relations. in