雷蒙德.威廉斯在考察了阿诺德和利维斯关于“文化”的思想后,另辟蹊径进行“文化”研究,他把文化归纳为理想型、文献式和生活类三种形式。在雷蒙德那里,文化不再单纯是一种文本式的概念,不仅仅反映社会实践,而且使社会实践合法化,使之理想化给与其形而上的支持,文化将逐渐成为对工业资本主义批判的一样武器,它开始对人的能力的整体性、均匀性,创造性和全面发展做出肯定。 After examining Arnold and Leavis’s thoughts on “culture ”, Raymond Williams explored the other aspects of “culture ”. He classified the culture into three forms: ideality, literature and life. In Raymond, culture is no longer simply a textual concept that not only reflects social practice, but also legitimizes social practice and makes it idealized with its metaphysical support, and culture will gradually become a critique of industrial capitalism As a weapon, it begins to affirm the integrity, homogeneity, creativity and overall development of human capabilities.