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关于如何判断分子的极性,一般教科书中通常写到“看一个分子是否有极性主要决定于分子的组成和结构。例如在简单的双原子分子中,化学键如有极性则分子也就有了极性。但对于多原子分子来说,分子的极性除决定于键的极性外,还和分子的空间结构(特别是对称性)有关”。例如 CH_4分子、H_2O 分子、NH_3分子,前者是对称分子,后两者则是非对称分子,实际上,H_2O 分子和 NH_3分子都具有某些对称因素,为什么说它们是
On how to judge the polarity of molecules, the general textbook usually wrote: "To see whether a molecule has polarity mainly depends on the composition and structure of the molecule, for example, in a simple diatomic molecule, if the chemical bond is polar, the molecule also has However, for polyatomic molecules, the polarity of the molecule depends not only on the polarity of the bond, but also on the spatial structure of the molecule (especially the symmetry). For example CH_4 molecule, H_2O molecule, NH_3 molecule, the former is a symmetric molecule, the latter two are asymmetric molecules, in fact, H_2O molecules and NH_3 molecules have some symmetry factors, why they are