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近年来,核电站构件采用自由锻锻件的已经加多。通过改用锻件和锻压措施,部件质量也得到改善。由于在改用锻件时原来按铸造和钢板制造设计的结构被保留不变,构件外形很难适应锻造。因此,大锻件需要非常高的机械加工费用才能制出很复杂的最终形状,被切去的材料共达85％以上。采用这种方法时,对锻造工艺,还有对冶金方面,都提出极高的要求。这是因为,在机械加工过程中,原钢坯从表面到心部,从底端到顶端,都会被加工到。在某些情况下,看来可能要锻压技术人员和设计人员配合研制新的外形和结构,使锻件外形更适宜于锻造,从而更有利于成本,收到稳定的、起作用的经济效果。有关材料鉴定问题,本文也将阐述。
In recent years, nuclear power plant components have been used for free forging more. By using forging and forging measures, the quality of the parts is also improved. Due to the use of forgings when the original design by casting and steel structure is retained, the shape of the component is difficult to adapt to forging. As a result, large forgings require very high machining costs to produce a very complex final shape, with up to 85% of the material being cut. When using this method, the forging process, as well as the metallurgical aspects, have put forward very high requirements. This is because, in the machining process, the original billet from the surface to the heart, from the bottom to the top, will be processed to. In some cases, it seems likely to forging technicians and designers with the development of new shapes and structures, so forgings form more suitable forging, which is more conducive to cost, receive a stable, functional economic effects. The material identification issues, this article will also elaborate.