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干旱是影响大豆产量的重要因素之一,建立相对稳定的耐旱鉴定方法、发掘耐旱品种是大豆耐旱育种的前提。基于前期对87份大豆材料耐旱性的初步鉴定结果以及对其中30份大豆材料耐旱等级划分重复鉴定的基础上,选取了代表性大豆材料12份,对分别反映萎蔫情况、叶片相对含水量、生长状况的10个耐旱相关指标进行测定。结果表明:与对照相比,干旱胁迫下大豆的叶片相对含水量降低,叶片相对电导率升高,大部分材料的生长受到抑制,生物量降低,根冠比增加,以上指标在不同材料间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。萎蔫天数的遗传率为93%,是简单、直观、稳定的耐旱鉴定指标。相关性分析表明:萎蔫等级、叶片相对电导率分别与萎蔫天数呈极显著负相关,叶片相对含水量、根相对干重分别与萎蔫天数呈极显著正相关,且这些指标具有较高的遗传率(73%~89%),亦可作为耐旱鉴定的指标。筛选到的PI595843、科丰1号、五河齐黄豆等耐旱种质可为大豆耐旱育种提供材料基础。
Drought is one of the important factors that affect the yield of soybean. Establishing a relatively stable identification method of drought tolerance and exploring drought-tolerant varieties are the prerequisites of drought-tolerant soybean breeding. Based on the preliminary identification of 87 drought tolerant soybean materials and the repeated identification of 30 drought tolerant soybean materials, 12 representative soybean materials were selected to study the relationship between wilt resistance and leaf relative water content , Growth status of 10 drought-related indicators were measured. The results showed that compared with the control, the relative water content of soybean leaves decreased under drought stress, the relative conductivity of leaves increased, the growth of most materials was inhibited, the biomass decreased, and the ratio of root to shoot increased. The above indexes were in different materials There was a significant difference (P <0.05). The heritability of wilting days is 93%, which is a simple, intuitive and stable indicator of drought tolerance. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between wilting grade and leaf relative conductivity and days of wilting, respectively. Relative leaf water content and root relative dry weight were significantly and positively correlated with wilting days respectively, and these indices had high heritability (73% ~ 89%), but also as an indicator of drought tolerance. The selected drought-resistant germplasm PI595843, Kefeng 1, Wuhe Qi soybeans can provide the material basis for drought-resistant breeding of soybean.