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1992年对于古巴来说非同寻常:它既是苏联解体后古巴所经历的第一个极其困难的年头,又是古巴国家和人民在空前剧烈的冲击面前自强求存,经受住严峻考验的一年。尽管古巴仍然处在特殊时期最困难的阶段,但它已向世界显示出抗御和最终战胜困难的坚强意志和能力。一国际格局的重大变化使古巴在政治、经济、社会各方面都面临着严峻的挑战和冲击。1992年古巴的严峻形势突出表现在经济方面。用古巴报纸的话说,古巴面临着“双重经济封锁”,即美国的经济封锁和苏联、东欧剧变所造成的经济封锁。首先,东欧剧变和苏联解体给古巴经济造成巨大困难,具体表现为:(一)古巴与
It was unusual for Cuba in 1992: it was the first extremely difficult year Cuba experienced after the Soviet Union’s dissolution, and it was also a year for the Cuban countries and people to stand up to the severe test in the face of unprecedented and violent shocks . Although Cuba is still in the most difficult phase of its special period, it has shown the world its strong will and ability to resist and eventually overcome it. A major change in the international architecture has given Cuba a serious challenge and impact in all aspects of politics, economy and society. The grim situation in Cuba in 1992 highlighted the economic aspects. In the words of the Cuban newspaper, Cuba is facing a “double economic blockade”, namely, the economic blockade caused by the U.S. economic blockade and the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. First of all, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union have caused tremendous difficulties for the Cuban economy as follows: (i) Cuba and