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管理理论都以一定的人性假设为前提预设。西方管理理论中的人性假设存在两个问题:一是把人的某种属性当做人的本性,二是管理理论及实践中“人”的迷失。作为中国哲学的代表,道家思想对人性的认识别开生面。道家认为,人性本源于道性,人的本性是自然而完满的。根据自然人性论,道家管理思想与现代西方管理理论有较大分野:管理不是没有自己的目标,管理应该以维护素朴而完满的人性为使命;管理不必然是从完善制度设计和讲求结构制衡的角度来推进管理的科学化、精致化,管理的终极策略是“无为”。
Management theory are presupposed by a certain assumption of human nature. There are two problems in the assumption of human nature in western management theory: one is to regard certain attribute of human being as human nature; second, the loss of “human” in management theory and practice. As a representative of Chinese philosophy, Taoist ideology on humanity is unique. Taoists believe that since human nature stems from Taoism, human nature is naturally and completely fulfilled. According to the theory of natural humanity, there is a big difference between the Taoist management thinking and the modern western management theory. Management is not without its own goal. Management should be guided by the simple and perfect human nature. Management is not necessarily from the perspective of perfecting system design and emphasizing structural checks and balances To promote the scientific management, exquisite, the ultimate strategy of management is “Inaction ”.