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本文介绍了 IAEA在解决许多成员国辐射防护和安全不够充分的问题方面所做的系统的努力。由于这种努力 ,在过去 5年里建立和实施了一个特别的项目 ,在 5 2个没有或者没有适当的辐射防护基础结构的国家创立或改进了辐射防护的基础结构。本项目实施的重点是开发合格的人力资源 ,帮助引入适合的法律与检查和分析设备。根据每一个参加国的具体需求制定了适当的工作计划 ,工作计划的要素包括 5个里程标 :审管框架、职业照射管理、医学照射管理、公共照射管理以及应急准备和响应能力。到 2 0 0 0年底 ,70 %以上的参加国家颁布了辐射防护法 ,建立了审管机构 ;46%的国家采纳了法规 ,42 %的国家有了辐射源的通知、许可和管理系统。在 5年的实施过程中 ,有5 5 5人接受了个人培训 ,还有 2 2 78人参加了培训学习班 ,进行了 1 0 0 0多次专家现场考察 ,提供了价值 60 0万美元的设备。总费用超过了 1 70 0万美元。
This article describes the systematic efforts of the IAEA to address issues of inadequate radiation protection and safety in many member countries. As a result of this effort, a special project has been established and implemented over the past five years to create or improve the radiation protection infrastructure in 52 countries in the absence or absence of a suitable radiation protection infrastructure. The focus of this project is to develop qualified human resources to help introduce appropriate legal and inspection and analytical equipment. An appropriate work plan has been developed based on the specific needs of each participating country. Elements of the work plan include five milestones: regulatory framework, occupational exposure management, medical exposure management, public exposure management and emergency preparedness and response capabilities. By the end of 2000, more than 70% of participating countries had enacted the Radiation Protection Law and established a regulatory body; 46% adopted regulations and 42% had radiation notification, licensing and management systems. During the five-year implementation period, 555 individuals received individual training and 2278 persons attended training courses, conducted over 1,000 expert site visits and provided a total of $ 6 million equipment. The total cost exceeded 17 million U.S. dollars.