尼采早期继承了叔本华的悲观虚无主义,同样批判理性并将痛苦作为生命本质;但也体现出了与之相背离的趋势,即对生命的肯定以对意志的力量的渴望。后期尼采将他的哲学演变为积极的虚无主义,从悲观与虚无中导出了对强力意志的强调,提出在虚无中以意志的力量超‘人’的生存观,超越了叔本华的消极立场。 Nietzsche inherited Schopenhauer’s pessimism and nihilism in the early days, which also criticized rationality and took pain as the essence of life. However, it also showed the tendency to deviate from it. That is, his affirmation of life was craving for the power of the will. Later Nietzsche turned his philosophy into positive nihilism, derived from the pessimism and nothingness the emphasis on the will of the strong will, raised the idea of ​​surpassing the ’human’ by willpower in nothingness, surpassing Schopenhauer’s negative attitude .