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结合研究课题,笔者从1984年底开始,对福建省主要茶区的茶叶生产情况和茶园土壤现状开展了一些初步调查,结果表明:造成福建省茶叶单产普遍低下的一个主要原因,是茶园土壤生态的失调现象。归纳表现为三个方面:系统结构的不平衡、系统养分收支的不平衡、水土的严重流失。在调查分析的基础上,笔者提出了几条维护福建茶园土壤生态平衡的初步意见:以水土保持为中心,建立良性土壤生态系统,在良性循环的茶园生态系统和大农业生态系统的保证下,维护茶园土壤生态的平衡。福建产茶历史悠久,茶树品种丰富,茶叶品类繁多,是我国的重点产茶省份之一。建国以来,福建茶叶生产有了很大的发展。全省现有茶园面积183.39万亩(1985年),年产茶4万多吨,茶叶经济在福建农村经济中占有举足轻重的地位。然而很长一段时间以来,福建的茶叶单产水平一直徘徊在25—30公斤的水平,茶叶广种薄收,人力地力大量浪费。如何尽快提高茶叶单产水平,已经成为发展茶叶生产的主要战略方针。结合良性生态茶园研究课题,从1984年底开始,笔者先后对福建主要茶区的茶叶生产及茶园土壤现状开展了初步调查,结果表明:造成福建茶叶单产普遍低下的一个主要原因,就是茶园土壤生态的严重失调——水土流失严重,土壤渐趋贫瘠。因此,以维护茶园土壤生态平衡为中心,改善茶园生态现状,对发展福建茶叶生产,实现茶叶的高产、优质、低消耗具有重要意义。为此,笔者在调查分析的基础上,根据所开展的一些研究工作,就维护茶园土壤生态平衡问题,试述几点粗浅看法。
From the end of 1984, the author carried out some preliminary investigations on tea production and tea soil status in the main tea areas in Fujian Province. The results show that one of the main causes of the generally low tea yield in Fujian Province is the soil ecological Disorders. Induction manifested in three aspects: the imbalance of system structure, system imbalances in nutrient revenues and expenditures, soil and water loss. Based on the investigation and analysis, the author put forward some preliminary opinions on maintaining the ecological balance of tea plantation soils in Fujian Province. Taking soil and water conservation as the center and establishing the benign soil ecosystem, under the guarantee of a virtuous cycle of tea plantation ecosystem and agro-ecological system, Maintain the balance of tea plantation soil ecology. Fujian has a long history of tea production, rich varieties of tea, tea variety, is one of China’s key tea-producing provinces. Since the founding of the PRC, Fujian tea production has made great progress. The province’s existing tea garden area of 183.39 hectares (1985), with an annual output of more than 40,000 tons of tea, tea economy in Fujian’s rural economy occupies a pivotal position. However, a long period of time, Fujian’s tea yield has been hovering at the level of 25-30 kg, a wide range of thin tea harvest, a lot of manpower to waste soil. How to increase the yield of tea as soon as possible has become the main strategy for developing tea production. Combined with the research topic of benign ecological tea garden, beginning from the end of 1984, the author conducted a preliminary investigation on the tea production and the current status of the tea garden soil in the main tea areas in Fujian Province. The results showed that one of the main causes of the generally low tea yield in Fujian was the soil ecological Serious imbalance - soil erosion is serious, the soil becomes increasingly barren. Therefore, in order to maintain the ecological balance of tea plantation soil and improve the ecological status of tea plantation, it is of great importance to develop Fujian tea production and realize high yield, high quality and low consumption of tea. Therefore, on the basis of investigation and analysis, based on some research work carried out by the author, I try to elaborate a few superficial opinions on the problem of maintaining soil ecological balance in tea plantations.