一、企业技术创新迫在眉睫年代中叶以来 ,中国宏观经济环境出现从商品供应短缺向供大于求、结构性过剩转变。宏观经济环境的变化 ,给国有企业经营与发展带来了巨大压力 ,迫使国有企业面临第二次创业。８０年代初 ,国有企业面临第一次创业 ,其主要问题是如何有效地扩展企业生产 First, the urgent need for technological innovation in enterprises Since the mid-1990s, China's macro-economic environment has seen a shift from a shortage of supply of goods to oversupply and excess of structural surplus. The changes in the macroeconomic environment have brought tremendous pressure on the operation and development of state-owned enterprises and forced state-owned enterprises to face a second start-up. In the early 1980s, state-owned enterprises were faced with their first start-up. The main problem was how to effectively expand their production