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当前,我国尽管已经在法律上确定了公民的社会救助权利,但仍然存在着权利实现的困境。社会救助的有义务的权利理念、权利化理念以及市场化理念,作为中国社会救助发展的基本原则,也同时存在着对社会救助权利实现的偏导、遮蔽与弱化。有义务的权利使社会政策的关注点集中于被救助者履行义务,而忽略政府与社会的干预;权利化造成社会救助一旦成为权利即能实现的观念,而遮蔽权利实现的真正路径;市场化使公民救助权利面临社会组织层面的企业与社会制度层面的社会排斥的侵害。只有在国家、公民与社会组织之间建立起平等的公共协商机制,建构合适的协商形式、协商主体与协商制度,才能有效保障社会救助权利的实现。
At present, although our country has legally determined the rights of citizens to social assistance, the plight of the realization of rights still exists. As a basic principle of social assistance and development in China, there is also a partial guide, cover and weakening of the right to social assistance. Obligatory right to make social policy focus on the respondent to fulfill their obligations, while ignoring the government and social intervention; right to help create a social assistance once the concept of rights that can be achieved, and conceal the true path to achieve the right; marketization So that citizens’ aid rights are confronted by the social exclusion of enterprises and social systems at the level of social organizations. Only by establishing an equal mechanism of public consultation between the state, citizens and social organizations, and constructing the proper form of consultation, consultative body and consultation system, can we effectively guarantee the realization of the right to social assistance.