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目的评价某生活垃圾焚烧热电联产工程项目职业病危害控制效果。方法采用现场职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测进行定性、定量分析与评价。结果该建设项目存在的职业病危害因素中,锅炉巡检岗位工人矽尘(总尘)暴露的时间加权平均浓度为10.6 mg/m3,超限倍数达到了35.7,超过了职业接触限值的要求;氯乙烯、CO、CO2、NO2、NO、SO2、NH3、NaOH、H2S、PH3,噪声、工频电场和高温均符合接触限值;在锅炉炉前给料和走廊检测到了HCN,其最高浓度达到了2.4 mg/m3,超过了接触限值;PH3的暴露虽然合乎接触限值要求,但是在炉前垃圾给料处的最高浓度达到0.3 mg/m3,与接触限值相等;照度有68%的检测点符合照明的相关标准要求。结论该项目在设计、施工及运行过程中遵循了国家相关法律法规,做到了“三同时”原则,基本具备了职业卫生方面的竣工验收条件。但生活垃圾成分的复杂性导致了其职业性有害因素的多样性,除了重视常见的矽尘暴露外,应加强日常的职业卫生管理,指导职工正确佩戴个体防护用品,防范HCN和PH3等有害气体的偶发。
Objective To evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards in a municipal solid waste incineration cogeneration project. Methods The field occupational health survey and occupational health examination were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation. Results The time-weighted average concentration of silica dust (total dust) exposed by workers in the boiler inspection was 10.6 mg / m3 and the over-limit multiplier reached 35.7 among occupational hazards in this project. It exceeded the requirements of occupational exposure limits. HCN, CO, CO2, NO2, NO, SO2, NH3, NaOH, H2S, PH3, noise, power frequency electric field and high temperature all met the contact limits; HCN was detected in the feedstock and corridor before the boiler, 2.4 mg / m3, exceeded the exposure limit; PH3 exposure although in line with the exposure limit requirements, but in the front of the refuse at the highest concentration of feed to 0.3 mg / m3, and the exposure limit equal to 68% of the illumination Detection points meet the lighting requirements of the relevant standards. Conclusion The project has followed the relevant state laws and regulations in the process of design, construction and operation and has achieved the principle of “three simultaneousity” and basically fulfilled the conditions of completion and acceptance of occupational health. However, the complexity of domestic waste components leads to the diversity of occupational harmful factors. In addition to the common exposure to silica dust, routine occupational health management should be strengthened to guide staff to wear personal protective equipment correctly and to prevent harmful gases such as HCN and PH3 Sporadic.