To obtain the caries experience and,plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan,as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future,a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn.Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom,using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria.Dental caries was scored at enamel(D 2) and dentine(D 3) for tooth and surface level.Independent variables were age,gender and school.Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test.The sample comprised 1 043 7-and 8-year-olds.The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition,68.7%.Mean Decayed,Missing,Filled Teeth/S(DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14,respectively.Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0.The d-component constituted 75% of the d 3 mft index,while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions(d 2,3-component).Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%.Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%.Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7-to 8-year-old children was high.Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed. To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D2) and dentine (D 3) for tooth and surface level.Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. Sample 3 043 7-and 8-year-olds.The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7% .Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth / S (DMFT / S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively.Mean dmft / s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d- of the d 3 mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d 2,3-component) .Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6% .Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4% .Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7-to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.