五十年代,福特公司的主要竞争对手通用汽车公司,管理和技术水平都较先进。福特公司还沿用旧的经营管理制度,技术和设备也较落后,产品质量不好,竞争不过通用公司,造成每月九百万美元亏损,为此聘请了以麦克纳马拉为首的新的经营管理班子。麦克纳马拉以先进的管理技术,为这个混乱的企业建立了一整套严密的管理制度及奖励 In the 1950s, Ford’s main competitor, General Motors, was more advanced in management and technology. Ford Motor Company also used the old business management system, and its technology and equipment were also lagging behind. The quality of its products was not good and the company was not competitive. It caused a loss of 9 million U.S. dollars per month. For this reason, it hired a new business headed by McNamara. Management team. McNamara has established a set of strict management systems and rewards for this chaotic company with advanced management techniques.