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本文利用251个地级市统计数据和1998—2007年工业企业数据库,试图从企业全要素生产率的视角理解最低工资制度对企业间工资差距的影响。实证结果显示,最低工资标准的提升显著改善了企业全要素生产率,且该效应随着企业生产率水平的提高趋于减弱,即存在非对称特征。同时,企业全要素生产率是决定平均工资上涨的重要因素,越是人均工资低的企业,生产率对工资上涨的正向作用越大。由此可见,最低工资制度的执行有利于降低企业间工资差距。此外,地级市层面、双重差分估计及联立方程组等系列稳健性检验仍支持上述结论。
Based on the statistics of 251 prefecture-level cities and the database of industrial enterprises in 1998-2007, this paper attempts to understand the effect of the minimum wage on the wage gap among enterprises from the perspective of total factor productivity of enterprises. Empirical results show that the improvement of the minimum wage significantly improves the total factor productivity of enterprises, and the effect tends to weaken as the level of enterprise productivity tends to be weakened, that is, asymmetric features exist. At the same time, the total factor productivity of enterprises is an important factor that determines the average wage increase. The more enterprises with lower per capita wages, the greater the positive effect of productivity on wage increases. This shows that the implementation of the minimum wage system is conducive to reducing the wage gap between enterprises. In addition, the above conclusions are still supported by the series of robustness tests at prefecture-level cities, double-difference estimates and simultaneous equations.