自人类有栽培植物的历史以来,真菌病害就一直是作物减产的重要原因。目前控制真菌病害流行的途径有:(a)不同的作物耕作技术,如作物轮作,避免被感染土壤扩散和带菌植物材料流传,(b)作物抗病育种,(c)农药的应用。尽管育种家们已成功地培育出了许多抗真菌病作物新品种,但为获得稳定抗性所进行的杂交,回交及后代选择等过程相当费时,难以跟上新的有毒真菌小种的进化速度。因此,农民常常不得不借助于大量化学农药来防病治病,可是农药不但相当昂贵,且随着病原菌小种变迁常常失效,此外农药被施用后还将会在土壤中残留,构成对环境的威胁。 Since the human history of cultivated plants, fungal diseases have been an important cause of crop yield reduction. The current control of the prevalence of fungal diseases includes: (a) Different crop farming techniques such as crop rotation, spreading of contaminated soils and spread of infected plant material, (b) crop disease-resistant breeding, and (c) application of pesticides. Although breeders have succeeded in developing many new antifungal crops, the process of crossing, backcrossing and selecting offspring to obtain stable resistance is time-consuming and difficult to keep up with the evolution of new toxic fungus races speed. Therefore, farmers often have to resort to a large number of chemical pesticides to prevent and treat diseases. However, pesticides are not only quite expensive, but also often fail with the changes of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, pesticides will remain in soil after being applied, Threats.