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目的:探讨计算机辅助设计（computer aided design，CAD）技术和三维打印（three-dimensional printing，3DP）技术制备的个体化手术导航模板辅助发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip，DDH）患儿在Salter骨盆截骨术联合股骨近端旋转短缩截骨术中应用的可行性和精确性。方法:将2016年1月至2017年10月收治的97例接受Salter骨盆截骨术联合股骨近端旋转短缩截骨术的单侧DDH的患儿纳入本研究。其中，男17例，女80例；年龄范围为2岁6个月至6岁，平均年龄为3. 39岁；患侧为左侧54例，右侧43例。按随机数字表法将患儿分为3DP导航模板组（44例）和传统手术组（53例）。比较两组患儿的手术时间、术中出血量，比较末次随访时髋臼指数、中心边缘角、Mckay临床评定结果、Severin X线评定结果、股骨头坏死（avascular necrosis，AVN）发生率、再脱位发生率和髋内翻发生率。结果:3DP导航模板组和传统手术组手术时间分别为（105. 62± 12. 20) min和（129. 40±17. 55 ）min，出血量分别为（55. 75±11. 38) ml和（68. 21±10. 95) ml，两组患儿术后规划AI和实际（术后1 d）测量的AI之间差值的绝对值分别为（3. 84±2. 58）°和（1. 37±0. 55）°，两组之间的差异均具有统计学意义（n P0. 05）。Mckay临床疗效评定结果：3DP导航模板组中优26髋、良14髋、可2髋、差2髋，优良率达90. 91% （40/44）；传统手术组中优27髋、良18髋、可6髋，差2髋，优良率达84. 91 %（45/53 ），两组之间的差异无统计学意义（n P>0. 05）；Severin X线评定结果：3DP导航模板组中优26髋、良14髋，可4髋，差0髋，优良率达90. 91%（40/44）；传统手术组中优24髋、良20髋，可9髋，差0髋，优良率达83. 02%（44/53），两组之间的差异无统计学意义（n P>0. 05）；3DP导航模板组有4髋发生AVN, 9. 09%（4/44），传统手术组中有5髋发生AVN, 9. 43%（5/53），差异无统计学意义（n P> 0. 05），两组患儿均无再脱位和髋内翻发生。n 结论:个体化3DP导航模板可以辅助DDH患儿Salter骨盆截骨术联合股骨近端旋转短缩截骨术的精准完成，可有效控制术中截骨位置及旋转矫正角度，值得进行临床推广。“,”Objective:To explore the feasibility and accuracy in Salter pelvic osteotomy and proximal femur rotation shortening osteotomy for children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) assisted by an individualized navigation template prepared by computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing (3DP) .Methods:From January 2016 to October 2017, 97 children of unilateral DDH underwent Salter pelvic osteotomy plus femoral shortening. There were 17 boys and 80 girls with a mean age of 3. 39 (2. 5-6) years. The involved side was left (n=54) and right (n=43) . They were divided randomly into two groups of 3DP navigation template (n=44) and traditional surgery (n=53) . Operative duration and intraoperative volume of blood loss were compared between two groups. Acetabular index (AI) , central edge angle, Mckay\' s clinical evaluation results, Severin radiographic evaluation results, incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) , incidence of redislocation and incidence of coxa vara were compared during follow-ups.Results:In 3DP navigation template group and traditional surgery group, operative duration was (105. 62±12. 20) and (129. 40±17. 55) min, volume of blood loss (55. 75± 11. 38) and (68. 21±10. 95) ml and absolute values of difference between postoperative planned AI and actually measured AI (1 d post-operation) were (3. 84±2. 58) ° and (1. 37±0. 55) °, the difference was statistically significant (n P0. 05) . Mckay\'s evaluative criteria of clinical efficacy: 26 hips were excellent, 14 hips decent, 2 hips fair and 2 hips poor in 3DP navigation template group with an excellent/decent rate of 90. 91 % (40/44) ; 27 hips were excellent, 18 hips decent, 6 hips fair and 2 hips poor in traditional surgery group with an excellent/decent rate of 84. 91 % (45/53) . No significant inter-group difference existed (n P>0. 05) ; Severin radiographic evaluations: 26 hips were excellent, 14 hips decent and 4 hips fair in 3DP navigation template group with an excellent/decent rate of 90. 91 % (40/44) ; The inter-group difference had no statistical significance (n P>0. 05) ; 3DP navigation template had AVN in 4 hips (9. 09%, 4/44) ; traditional surgery had AVN in 5 hips (9. 43 % , 5/53) and the difference had no statistical significance (n P>0. 05) . Neither redislocation nor coxa vara occurred.n Conclusions:Individualized 3DP navigation template can assist accurate completion of Salter pelvic osteotomy plus femoral rotational shortening in DDH children. It can effectively control intraoperative osteotomy position and rotational correction angle. Such an approach is worthy of wider clinical applications.