论文部分内容阅读
(一) 硬度金屬最重要的性質之一就是它的硬度。鐵釘子不能釘入石頭或磚中,因為石头与磚比铁硬。当將另一物体向某一物体表面压入時,該物体的抵抗能力叫硬度。呈金剛石状的化学元素碳的硬度最高。帶有鋒銳削边的金剛石粒能很容易地切割玻璃。金剛石的硬度可与其他所有物質的硬度相比較。按已規定的硬度此較分級標準,金剛石的硬度等於10個單位。所有其他鑛物和金屬的硬度均小於10。此一硬度分級標準就叫做鑛物硬度分級標準。晶体的硬度多决定於結晶格子的形狀。原子相互分佈越近,原子外層的電子越多,則物体就越硬。各种金屬的硬度不同。金屬的切削加工也就取决於此。例如,鋼切削刀很容易自銅或鋁製件上切下削屑。而对鋼本
(A) hardness One of the most important properties of metal is its hardness. Iron nails can not be nailed into stones or bricks, because stones and bricks are harder than iron. When another object pressed into the surface of an object, the object’s resistance is called hardness. Carbon in diamond-like chemical elements has the highest hardness. Diamonds with sharp edged cut easily cut the glass. The hardness of diamond can be compared with the hardness of all other materials. According to the specified hardness of the more grading standards, the hardness of diamond is equal to 10 units. All other minerals and metals have a hardness of less than 10. This hardness classification standard is called mineral hardness classification standard. The hardness of the crystal depends on the shape of the crystal lattice. The closer atoms are to each other, the more electrons in the outer layer, and the harder the object is. Various metals have different hardness. Metal cutting also depends on this. For example, steel cutters easily cut shavings from copper or aluminum parts. The steel