市场经济,简要说来,就是由市场价格调节的经济。与高度集中的计划经济体制相比,市场经济体制具有以下几个特征: 首先,从经济决策的主体看,市场经济是群众经济。在市场经济中,决策的主体不是少数计划官员,而是处于经济活动第一线的广大企业经营者、广大工人、农民。他们既是经济活动的决策者,也是社会资源信息、需求信息的收集者和整理者。由这么多人来收集和整理信息并进行决策,而不是由少数几个人收集和整理信息并进行决策;由处于生产和经营活动第一线的人收集和整理信息并进行决策,而不是由远离实际的人收集和整理信息并进行决策;由与自身利益密切相关的人收集和整理信息并进行决策,而不是由对经济活动的后果没有直接利益牵制的人收集和整理信息并进行决策,这样的决策才会更加符合实际。其次,从推动生产者和经营者从事生产经营活动的方式看,市场经济是利益驱动的经济。它不是通过下命令的方式强迫生产什么 Market economy, in short, is the economy regulated by the market price. Compared with a highly centralized planned economy, the market economy has the following characteristics: First, from the perspective of the main body of economic decision-making, the market economy is a mass economy. In the market economy, the main body of decision-making is not a small number of plan officials, but the majority of business operators, workers and peasants at the forefront of economic activities. They are both decision-makers for economic activities as well as collectors and arrangers of social resource information and demand information. Rather than collecting and organizing information and making decisions by a handful of people, so many people gather and organize information and make decisions; information is collected and organized by people at the forefront of production and operations rather than being separated The actual person collects and organizes the information and makes decisions; the information is collected and organized by those who are closely related to one's own interests rather than collecting and organizing information and making decisions by those who have no immediate interest in the consequences of the economic activity The decision will be more realistic. Secondly, from the perspective of promoting the production and business activities of producers and managers, the market economy is an interest-driven economy. It does not force what it produces by ordering it