1959年,英国研究人员William Russel和Rex Burch首先提出产品试验、科研和教学中使用动物的“三R”原则,即少用或不用(reduce),最佳使用(refine),替代使用(replace)。但几十年来,一直没有被广泛接受和认真对待。近年来,随着动物保护组织的不断干预和科学技术的不断发展,研究人员越发感觉到有责任转变已有的意识观念。在动物保护组织的推动下,美国已将“三R”原则写入法律。1985年,有关“三R”原则的补充性规定已包含在美国动物保护条款之中,要求联邦资助的研究者应考虑用其他方法以代替动物实验。美国国 In 1959, British researchers William Russel and Rex Burch first proposed the “three R” principle of using animals in product testing, research, and teaching, ie, reduce, refine, replace, . However, it has not been widely accepted and taken seriously for decades. In recent years, as animal protection organizations continue to intervene and science and technology continue to evolve, researchers increasingly feel the responsibility to change the existing awareness. Driven by animal protection organizations, the United States has written the “three Rs” principle into law. In 1985, supplemental provisions on the “Three Rs” principle were included in US animal protection clauses, requiring federally-funded researchers to consider alternatives to animal experimentation. United States