离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机/有机阴离子构成的盐类,一般在室温或接近于室温下呈液态,因此常被称为室温离子液体(RTIL).依据不同的划分标准,离子液体有多种分类方式:根据年代的不同可将离子液体分为第一代、第二代及第三代离子液体,例如:烷基咪唑和烷基吡啶的金属卤化物盐等[1];根据阳离子的不同可将离子液体分为季鏻 Ionic liquids, which are salts of organic and inorganic / organic anions, are usually liquid at or near room temperature and are therefore commonly referred to as RTIL. Depending on the partitioning criteria, ionic liquids are available Classification: Depending on the age, ionic liquids can be divided into first generation, second generation and third generation ionic liquids, such as alkyl halide and alkyl halide metal halide salts [1]; according to the different cation Ionic liquids can be divided into quaternary phosphonium