本文叙述了机械加工中X—R图质量控制法的理论和具体应用。根据数理统计学理论,文中给出了机床调整、X—R图绘制和图上点子波动状态分析标志的有关计算式及图表,为高效机床加工工件的质量管理提供了理论根据。通过生产实例说明了大批量生产中,机床调整、X—R图绘制和图上点子波动状态分析的使用方法。 This paper describes the theory and application of X-R graph quality control method in machining. According to the theory of mathematical statistics, the paper gives the calculation formulas and charts of the machine tool adjustment, X-R charting and the symbolic analysis of the sign fluctuation state, which provides a theoretical basis for the quality management of high-efficiency machine tool workpieces. The production example shows how to use mass adjustment, machine adjustment, X-R charting and the analysis of the state of the fluctuation in the chart.