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研究伊犁新垦区土壤养分的空间分布特征及其变化规律,对于合理开发利用土壤资源、优化施肥、建设稳产高产农田等具有重要意义。本文基于实测土壤剖面数据,运用数理统计、地统计学和GIS空间分析方法,研究了伊犁新垦区土壤最上部两层养分的统计特征、空间分布和空间变异,并进行了克里格插值,得到了区域养分的分布图;在此基础上探讨了研究区土地开垦和利用中需注意的问题。研究结果表明:①研究区表土层和第二层的土层厚度平均为10.49cm和19.58cm。表土层和第二层的有机质含量平均为13.72g/kg和10.08g/kg。表土层和第二层的有效氮含量平均为42.54mg/kg和33.98mg/kg,表土层和第二层的有效磷含量平均为12.22mg/kg和4.22mg/kg,表土层和第二层的速效钾含量平均为433.54mg/kg和326.40mg/kg。大部分土壤呈碱性,第二层土壤的碱性比表土层更强;②土壤最上部两层的有机质含量和有效氮含量均呈显著的正相关。土壤有效磷含量和土层厚度呈显著的负相关;③土壤最上部两层的有机质和有效氮的空间变异较大,其次是速效钾、有效磷和土层厚度,PH值的空间变异最小;④土壤最上部两层的有机质、有效磷、速效钾和PH值的空间自相关范围分别是116km、147km、42km和147km。表土层、第二层有效氮的空间自相关范围分别是65km和7km。表土层、第二层的土层厚度的空间自相关范围分别是17km和147km;⑤研究区被开垦时,应适当使用氮肥和磷肥,不必使用钾肥。
Studying the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and its variation in the new reclamation area of Ili is of great significance for the rational exploitation and utilization of soil resources, the optimization of fertilization and the construction of stable and high-yield farmland. Based on the measured soil profile data and using the methods of mathematical statistics, geostatistics and GIS, the statistical characteristics, spatial distribution and spatial variation of nutrients in the top two layers of soils were studied and the Kriging interpolation The distribution of regional nutrients; on this basis, the study area of land reclamation and utilization should pay attention to the problem. The results show that: ① The average soil thickness of the topsoil and the second layer in the study area is 10.49cm and 19.58cm. The topsoil and second layer of organic matter content on average 13.72g / kg and 10.08g / kg. The available nitrogen content of the topsoil and the second layer averaged 42.54 mg / kg and 33.98 mg / kg, and the average available phosphorus content of the topsoil and the second layer was 12.22 mg / kg and 4.22 mg / kg, respectively. The topsoil and the second layer The available potassium levels averaged 433.54 mg / kg and 326.40 mg / kg. Most of the soil is alkaline, the second layer of soil alkalescence is stronger than the top soil layer; ② The top two layers of soil organic matter content and available nitrogen content showed a significant positive correlation. There was a significant negative correlation between soil available phosphorus and soil thickness. (3) The spatial variability of soil organic matter and available nitrogen was the highest in the top two layers, followed by available potassium, available phosphorus and soil thickness, with the smallest spatial variability. ④ The spatial autocorrelation ranges of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium and PH in the top two layers of soil were 116km, 147km, 42km and 147km respectively. The topsoil, the second layer of available nitrogen spatial autocorrelation range is 65km and 7km. The spatial autocorrelation ranges of the topsoil and the second layer are 17 km and 147 km, respectively. ⑤ When the study area is reclaimed, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers should be used appropriately without using potash fertilizer.