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目的 探讨大气环境和医院职业卫生因素对非典型肺炎爆发的影响。方法 (1)对全球 9个城市 (广州、北京、天津、太原、香港、台北、新加坡、多伦多和河内 ) 2 0 0 3年严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)爆发前后的气象参数进行分析 ;(2 )从职业卫生的角度分析医院院内感染的原因。结果 (1)大多数城市在SARS爆发前后 ,都出现气温、气压和气温日较差的大幅波动 ,风力微弱。在疫情最严重的城市 ,SARS爆发前大气悬浮物增多。各地SARS爆发前 10d的平均气温为 16 .6℃± 7.6℃ ,提示目前被认为造成SARS的冠状病毒可能在 9℃～ 2 4℃之间最活跃 ;(2 )医院的职业卫生是SARS爆发的重要社会行为因素 ,医院院内感染与职业卫生各个环节有密切关系。结论 冬春季节气温急剧变化、大气悬浮物增多和医院不良的职业卫生条件是SARS爆发的重要触发因素。加强天气变化和大气污染的预警 ,完善医院的职业卫生管理 ,对预防SARS爆发和季节性重现具有重大意义。
Objective To explore the impact of the atmospheric environment and hospital occupational health factors on the outbreak of SARS. Methods (1) The meteorological parameters before and after SARS outbreak in 2003 were analyzed in 9 cities (Guangzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore, Toronto and Hanoi) 2) From the perspective of occupational health analysis hospital nosocomial infection causes. Results (1) Before and after the outbreak of SARS in most cities, large fluctuations of temperature, air pressure and temperature were observed with weak wind. In cities with the worst epidemic, atmospheric aerosols have increased before the SARS outbreak. The average temperature of 10 days before SARS outbreak was 16.6 ± 7.6 ℃, suggesting that the coronavirus currently thought to cause SARS may be the most active at 9 ℃ ~ 24 ℃. (2) Occupational hygiene in hospitals is an outbreak of SARS Important social behavior factors, hospital nosocomial infection and occupational health are closely related to all aspects. Conclusion The sharp temperature changes in winter and spring, the increase of airborne suspended solids and poor hospital occupational hygiene conditions are the important triggers of SARS outbreak. Strengthening early warning of weather changes and air pollution and improving occupational health management in hospitals are of great significance in preventing SARS outbreaks and seasonal recurrences.