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血脂主要是由胆固醇、甘油三脂、磷脂和游离脂肪酸等组成。都不溶于水,但与蛋白质结合成脂蛋白则成为水溶性的,可转运到其他组织中去。各种脂蛋白中β脂蛋白(低密度脂蛋白)含胆固醇最多,前β脂蛋白(极低密度脂蛋白)含甘油三脂最多。血中增高的胆固醇和甘油三脂即以β脂蛋白和前β脂蛋白的形式沉积在动脉壁上,高密度脂蛋白(α-脂蛋白)含胆固醇少有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。随着我国人民生活水平的提高,高血脂病、糖尿病、冠心病等心血管疾病和代谢性疾病在我国呈明显上升的趋势。这些疾病的产生与发展与高血脂有着密切的关系。
Lipids are mainly composed of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and free fatty acids. Not soluble in water, but with the protein into lipoproteins become water-soluble, can be transported to other tissues. Among various lipoproteins, beta lipoprotein (LDL) contains the most cholesterol and the former beta lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein) contains the most triglyceride. Cholesterol and triglyceride, which are elevated in the blood, are deposited on the arterial wall in the form of beta lipoproteins and prebeta lipoproteins, which are less resistant to atherosclerosis with high-density lipoprotein (alpha-lipoprotein). With the improvement of people’s living standards in our country, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes and coronary heart disease have shown a clear upward trend in our country. The occurrence and development of these diseases and hyperlipidemia are closely related.