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人外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体交换(Sister chromatid exchanges test,SCE)、次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyransferase,HPRT)基因位点突变及微核实验(Micronucleus test,MN)三种致突变试验近年来广泛应用于抗肿瘤化疗过程中监测化疗造成的细胞遗传性损伤。恶性肿瘤患者自发的SCE率(SCEfrequence,SCEf)、HPRT基因位点突变(HPRTmutant frequency,HPRT)和MNf在不同肿瘤中不一致,并受多种因素影响。化疗可导致SCEf显著升高,且此升高多在化疗后一年内恢复。化疗也会造成HPRTmf、MNf不同程度升高,此升高在化疗结束后长期存在。以上提示,在化疗监测中,SCE对化疗造成的细胞遗传性损伤敏感,可用于短期监测;HPRT突变和MN则可用于化疗后长期监测,防治远期毒副反应。
Human peripheral blood lymphocyte Sister chromatid exchanges test (SCE), Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyransferase (HPRT) gene mutation and micronucleus test (Micronucleus test, MN) Three kinds of mutagenicity tests have been widely used in recent years to monitor cytogenetic damage caused by chemotherapy in the course of anti-tumor chemotherapy. Spontaneous SCE rate (SCEf), HPRT mutation frequency (HPRT) and MNf in patients with malignant tumor are not consistent in different tumors and are affected by many factors. Chemotherapy led to a significant increase in SCEf, and this increase was mostly recovered within one year of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can also cause HPRTmf, MNf increased to varying degrees, the increase in long-term presence after chemotherapy. The above suggests that SCE is sensitive to cytogenetic damage caused by chemotherapy during chemotherapy monitoring and can be used for short-term monitoring. HPRT mutation and MN can be used for long-term monitoring after chemotherapy to prevent and cure long-term toxic and side effects.