六、七十年代,国家为了备战和改变工业布局不合理的问题,花费巨大的人力、财力和物力,从沿海搬迁大批人员和设备,到西部地区建设了大批工业企业。这些企业是典型的计划经济的产物。改革开放以来,由于大而全、小而全,机制一下难以转换,加上工厂办社会,非生产人员多,离退休人员多,负担重,这些企业多数都遇到了困难,一部分已十分困难。社会负担重、交通不便、人才外流、设备陈旧、产品老化成了许多三线企业的通病。在困难面前,这些企业普遍存在 In the 1960s and 1970s, in order to prepare for and change the unreasonable industrial layout, the country spent a lot of manpower, financial resources, and material resources to relocate large numbers of people and equipment from the coast and build a large number of industrial enterprises in the western region. These companies are the product of a typical planned economy. Since the reform and opening up, because of its largeness, smallness, and totality, the mechanism has been difficult to convert, and factories have run communities. There are many non-production workers, many retirees and heavy burdens. Most of these enterprises have encountered difficulties and some have been very difficult. Heavy social burdens, inconvenient transportation, brain drain, outdated equipment, and aging products have become common problems for many third-tier companies. In the face of difficulties, these companies are ubiquitous