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动名词(VN)本身兼有名词性(+N)以及动词性(+V)的两面性,导致其否定形态多样化,包括名词性否定、动词性否定、接辞性否定以及后置性否定。动词性(+V)因素的介入,降低了动名词与「~ではない」共起的容许度,使得动词性否定的出现概率高于名词性否定;名词性(+N)因素决定了动名词可以和「不·無·非·未」等否定接辞结合形成接辞性否定;而动名词的两面性(+VN)则为后置性否定提供了理据基础。同时,自他性等语义功能变化对动名词的否定形态也有重要的影响。
The noun noun (+ N) and verb (+ V) both have their own nouns denoting, verb denial, negative verb denial and negative negation. The involvement of the verb (+ V) factor reduces the admissibility of the verb together with the “~ で は な い” such that the probability of verbal negation is higher than that of nominal negation. The nominal (+ N) factor determines the verb It can be combined with negative adverbs such as “no”, “no” and “no” to form negative remarks; while the duality (+ VN) of the nouns provides the basis for post-negation. At the same time, the change of semantic function such as self also has an important influence on the negative forms of gerund nouns.