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目的:了解新疆农村维吾尔族13～15岁学生的膳食营养状况,发现膳食中存在的问题,提出具有针对性的改善营养状况的对策和建议。方法:定期对学生进行营养知识宣教,采用24 h膳食回顾法结合食物称重法和饮食习惯调查表进行连续跟踪调查,对比宣教前后的调查结果,根据《中国居民膳食指南》和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》做出评价。结果:宣教前后,新疆农村维吾尔族13～15岁学生的膳食营养状况无显著变化;摄入的总能量低于DRIs;三餐热能分配较为合理;蛋白质供能比基本正常,脂肪供能比严重偏低,碳水化合物供能比偏高;各种营养素的摄入量不均衡,其中维生素A、维生素B2和钙严重缺乏,钠的实际摄入量严重超标。结论:所调查的13～15岁学生营养不良现象十分普遍,定期的营养宣教无法改善膳食营养状况,政府和学校应制定符合当地经济水平和生活习惯的政策以改善学生的营养状况。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the nutritional status of Uyghur students in rural areas of Xinjiang aged 13 ~ 15 years and to find out the problems in the diet, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the nutritional status. Methods: The students were educated about nutritional knowledge on a regular basis. The 24-h dietary recall method was used to carry out continuous follow-up investigation with food weighing method and diet habit questionnaire. According to the survey results before and after the mission, according to “Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents” and “Diet for Chinese Residents Nutrient reference intake ”to make a comment. Results: Before and after the mission, there was no significant change in the dietary nutritional status among Uyghur 13- to 15-year-old students in Xinjiang; the total energy intake was lower than DRIs; the heat energy distribution in three meals was more reasonable; the protein energy supply ratio was basically normal; Low, high carbohydrate energy ratio; imbalance of various nutrients intake, including a serious lack of vitamin A, vitamin B2 and calcium, the actual excess sodium intake exceeded. Conclusion: Malnutrition among students aged 13-15 is very common. Regular nutrition education can not improve the nutritional status of the diet. The government and schools should formulate policies in line with the local economic level and living habits so as to improve students’ nutritional status.