乐户是中国古代历史上一个特殊的社会群体,也是中国传统音乐文化、戏剧文化的重要承载者,考察这一群体的早期发展历史可以发现:其一,乐户制度的正式出现是在北魏迁邺以后的东魏时期,而不是目前学术界普遍认为的北魏,但北魏的杂户制度对其出现则有一定影响。其二,汉魏以来的乐家、音家、倡家和乐户虽有明显区别,但也有不少相似之处,这为找寻乐户的渊源提供了较为明确的方向。其三,北朝以至隋唐,全国性的乐户中心屡有转移,尤以邺都、长安、洛阳最为重要,而山西成为乐户中心则是在北宋以后。 The musician is a special social group in the history of ancient China and an important carrier of Chinese traditional musical culture and drama culture. The study on the early development history of this group shows that: firstly, the official appearance of the musician system is that in the Northern Wei Dynasty After the Eastern Wei Dynasty, rather than the current academic universally considered the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the northern Wei’s tributary system to its appearance has a certain impact. Second, although there are obvious differences between musicians, musicians, advocates and musicians since the Han and Wei dynasties, there are also many similarities. This provides a clearer direction for finding sources of musicians. Third, the Northern Dynasties and even the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the national music center has repeatedly transferred, especially in Qidu, Chang’an, Luoyang is the most important, and Shanxi became the music center is in the Northern Song Dynasty.