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随着能源危机加剧和生态环境恶化,可持续发展能源受到更大的重视.金属空气电池作为一种绿色能源是具有很大发展潜力的新一代电池.与传统电池相比,此类电池有着更高的理论能量密度,尤其是锂空电池,能量密度可达3505 Wh/kg,然而阴极缓慢的氧还原反应成为制约其发展的关键因素之一.在简要介绍氧还原反应机理基础上,着重介绍了近年来氧还原催化剂如贵金属及其合金、过渡金属氧化物/硫化物、功能化碳材料和金属氮化物的研究进展,并根据目前所存在问题指出未来研究方向,包括深入研究氧还原反应机理,明确催化剂活性位;研究催化剂结构等对催化活性的影响,优化制备条件,以提高催化活性和稳定性;根据氧还原机理设计开发新型氧还原催化剂.
As the energy crisis aggravates and the ecological environment deteriorates, the energy of sustainable development receives more attention. As a kind of green energy, metal-air battery is a new generation of battery with great development potential.Compared with traditional batteries, such batteries have more High theoretical energy densities, especially for lithium-ion batteries, have energy densities up to 3505 Wh / kg, however, the cathodic slow oxygen reduction reaction becomes one of the key factors restricting the development of oxygen reduction reaction.On the basis of a brief introduction of the mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction, In recent years, the research progress of oxygen reduction catalysts such as noble metals and their alloys, transition metal oxides / sulfides, functionalized carbon materials and metal nitrides are pointed out. Future research directions are pointed out according to the existing problems, including further study of the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism , To clarify the active site of the catalyst; to study the influence of the catalyst structure and the like on the catalytic activity, to optimize the preparation conditions so as to improve the catalytic activity and stability; and to design and develop a novel oxygen reduction catalyst according to the oxygen reduction mechanism.