中国历史上值得了解、讨论和纪念的人物实在太多了,近几年我注意较多的一位是北魏孝文帝元(拓跋)宏。他生于北魏皇兴元年(公元四七六年)八月,卒于太和二十三年(四九九年)四月。再过三年,就是他逝世一千五百周年。他本姓拓跋,但在逝世前的三年改姓了元。在他在位的二十三年间,最重要也最有争议的举措就是迁都和汉化。尽管历史学家已经 In the history of China, it is worth studying and discussing and commemorating the figures too much. In recent years, one of the things I noticed more was Emperor Xiaowen (Tuoba) of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He was born in August of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 476) in August, died in Taihe twenty-three years (April 1999) in April. In another three years, it marks the fifteen hundredth anniversary of his death. His last name Tuoba, but in the three years before his death surnamed Yuan. During his twenty-three years in office, the most important and controversial move was the relocation of capital and localization. Although historians already