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目的:在贵州省开展以人群为基础的耳疾和听力减退患病率、病因和需求的调查。方法:用容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法对贵州省30个调查点6 626人进行听力和耳疾调查(WHO方案)。结果:听力减退患病率为17.1%,全国标准化患病率为17.6%,其中轻度11.0%,中度4.2%,重度1.4%,极重度0.5%;男性患病663人(20.2%),女性患病468人(14.0%)。听力残疾患病率为6.1%,全国标化率6.5%;引起听力减退的可能原因:耳疾31.4%,非感染因素42.5%,遗传因素6.7%,传染病0.4%,病因不明29.3%。13.8%的调查对象需要耳科和听力学干预,助听器需求占首位(9.1%)。结论:听力减退和听力残疾患病率较过去20年明显升高,为政府制定预防和控制耳聋计划提供了科学依据。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate population-based prevalence, causes and needs of ear and hearing loss in Guizhou Province. Methods: To investigate the hearing and ear diseases of 6 626 people from 30 survey sites in Guizhou Province by the method of volumetric proportional probability sampling (WHO). Results: The prevalence of hearing loss was 17.1%. The national standardized prevalence rate was 17.6%, of which 11.0% was mild, 4.2% moderate, 1.4% severe and very severe. The prevalence of 663 males was 20.2% 468 women were sick (14.0%). The prevalence rate of hearing disability was 6.1%, and the national standardization rate was 6.5%. Possible causes of hearing loss were: ear disease, 31.4%, non-infectious factor, 42.5%, genetic factor, 6.7%, infectious disease, 0.4%, unknown etiology, 29.3%. 13.8% of the respondents required otological and audiological interventions, and hearing aid demand was the highest (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hearing loss and hearing impairment is significantly higher than that of the past two decades, providing a scientific basis for the government to make plans for prevention and control of deafness.