论文部分内容阅读
本文利用档案资料和实地调查数据对冀南农村土改前的家庭形态进行了探讨。特别是不同阶级家庭中家庭形态的差异作了分析。根据本项研究,土改前各个村庄核心家庭均是多数,但它还只是一个简单的多数。富裕中农以上家庭中复合家庭占较高比重,或者说,复合家庭是富裕自耕农努力维持的家庭形态。但对贫农、佃农和佣工家庭来说,谋生的压力使大家难以相互顾及,缺少组成大家庭的经济条件。 冀南农村的家庭规模土改前基本上保持在5口的水平。家庭规模大小与人均土地数量有很大关系。但这不等于说,人均土地数量最多的地主,家庭规模就最大。整体上看,富裕自耕农或者说上中农、富农的家庭规模相对最大。无地者因生存条件差,抚养人口的能力低,家庭规模最小。 土改前,冀南农村3代同居家庭占一定比例,但2代家庭都是比例最大的家庭类型。调查数据揭示出这样的特征:2代户以核心家庭为主,3代户以直系家庭为主,2代家庭中有较高比例的直系和复合家庭。子代婚后没有及时生育,一个比较长的时期内直系家庭仍以两代为主,它一定程度上印证了传统社会早婚未能实现早育现象的存在。
This article uses the archival data and the field survey data to discuss the family form before the rural land reform in southern Hebei. Especially the differences of family forms in different class families. According to this study, the majority of core families in each village before the land reform are still majority, but it is still only a simple majority. The composite families among the well-to-do middle peasants account for a relatively high proportion, or that the multi-family family is the family form that rich and poor farmers strive to maintain. However, for the poor peasants, tenant peasants and mercenary families, the pressure to make a living makes it hard for each other to take each other into consideration and lacks the economic conditions that make up the extended family. The size of the household in rural areas in southern Hebei basically maintained at the level of 5 before land reform. The size of the family has a lot to do with the amount of land per capita. But this does not mean that the largest number of landlords per capita has the largest family size. Overall, wealthy farmers or upper middle peasants and rich peasants have the largest relative size of families. Because of the poor living conditions, the capacity of raising the population is low and the family size is the smallest. Before land reform, 3 generations of common-living families in rural areas in southern Hebei accounted for a certain proportion, but 2-generation families were the largest proportion of family types. The survey data revealed the following characteristics: 2-generation households were dominated by nuclear families and 3-generation households were mainly immediate families while those with 2-generation families had a higher proportion of direct and compound families. After the marriage, there is no timely childbirth. In a relatively long time, the immediate families still dominated by two generations. To a certain extent, this confirms the existence of the phenomenon that the early marriage of traditional society failed to achieve early childbearing.