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在词汇化研究中一般关注组合个体的语义特异性和历时发展过程,本文另辟视角,考察语素组合成词的现时结果,归纳义类共性。我们基于词义演变和词义组合一体性的理念,对《现代汉语词典》中由“大/小、白/黑、老/少、好/坏”8个词构成的偏正式“形+X”组合及其变体进行了延伸性与纵深性研究,统计分析了979个“形+X”组合的义域和词汇化程度及其532个组合变体的数量与语义关系类型。发现能够成词的“形+X”组合具有规律性的义类特征,这些规律的形成受到认知自然度和需求量的影响。
In the study of lexicalization, we generally pay attention to the semantic specificity and diachronic development of the individual in combination. This article gives an alternative perspective and examines the current results of morpheme combination and the generalization of meaning. Based on the concept of word meaning evolution and combination of semantic meaning and composition, we analyzed the “formal” form of “big / small, white / black, old / less, good / bad” in the Modern Chinese Dictionary, X “portfolio and its variants were extended and in-depth study, the statistical analysis of the 979 ” shape + X “combination of the domain and the degree of lexicalisation and its 532 combinations of the number of variants and semantic relationship types . It is found that the combination of ”+ X +" forms that can be formed into words has the regular meaning of the class features, and the formation of these laws is influenced by cognitive naturalness and demand.