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溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)临床特征有三:①微血管病性溶血性贫血;②血小板减少性出血;③急性肾功能衰竭。这是婴幼儿肾功能衰竭的主要原因。病因至今尚未明瞭,可能与下列因素有关: 1、感染因素:较多人认为与病毒感染有关,引起的前躯症状如上呼吸道感染或胃肠炎等。部分病儿粪便内分离出病毒或病毒抗体滴定度增高。上海新华医院于病程早期脑脊液中分离出腺病毒。也有人认为本征与细菌感染有关,上海第六人民医院报告一例病前曾有发热、咽痛、抗链球菌溶血素“O”1250—2500单位。另一例发热、咽痛、伴猩红热样皮疹,提示可能与溶血性链球菌感染有关,Mettler(1969)报告从患者分离出一种微生小体(Microtatobiote)。也有人认为本症是立克次体感染所致。 2、多种因素所致:如药物、化学制剂、免疫缺陷、恶性肿瘤、恶性高血压、先兆子痫等。 3、与遗传有关:如一家族中共有6人患病,有遗传因素但不清楚以何种方式遗传。 4、特发性:多数病例未找到任何致病因素。发病机理目前尚未阐明,主要有两种学说:
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) clinical features are three: ① microangiopathic hemolytic anemia; ② thrombocytopenic hemorrhage; ③ acute renal failure. This is the main reason for infant renal failure. Etiology is still unknown, may be related to the following factors: 1, infection factors: more people think that the virus infection, caused by the forefront of symptoms such as upper respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis. Some sick children isolated from the virus or virus titer increased. Shanghai Xinhua Hospital early in the course of cerebrospinal fluid isolated adenovirus. Some people think that the intrinsic and bacterial infection, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital reported a case of fever, sore throat, anti-streptolysin “O” 1250-2500 units. Another case of fever, sore throat, and a scarlet fever-like rash may suggest a possible hemolytic streptococcal infection, and Mettler (1969) reported the isolation of a Microtatobiote from the patient. Some people think that this disease is caused by rickettsial infection. 2, a variety of factors: drugs, chemicals, immune defects, cancer, malignant hypertension, preeclampsia and so on. 3, and genetic: If a family of 6 people suffering from diseases, genetic factors but not sure in what way genetic. 4, idiopathic: Most cases did not find any risk factors. The pathogenesis has not yet been clarified, there are two main theories: