通过田间试验 ,研究了冬小麦氮、磷营养特征、土壤养分的动态变化及二者的关系。结果表明 ,返青前冬小麦吸收氮、磷很少 ,返青后均迅速增多 ,至孕穗～灌浆初期达一生吸收的高峰 ( N0 P0 吸氮在拔节～孕穗阶段达高峰 )。灌浆以后 ,氮磷营养不同 ,磷素吸收仍维持较高水平 ,而且灌浆初期至成熟阶段积累的磷素所占比值较大 ;氮素则积累减少 2 8.2 7%～ 3 1 .1 9%。越冬前至返青期 ,土壤碱解氮和速效磷均比较稳定。返青后氮磷变化明显不同 ,碱解氮显著减小 ,并于灌浆初期出现最低值 ;而速效磷明显增大 ,且于孕穗期出现一峰值。相关分析表明 ,冬小麦吸收氮、磷的变化特征与土壤有效养分的动态变化关系密切 Field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of N and P nutrition and the dynamic changes of soil nutrients and their relationship. The results showed that before returning to green, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by winter wheat was very little, rapidly increased after returning to green, and reached the peak of lifetime absorption from the beginning of booting to the early filling stage (N0 P0 uptake of nitrogen at the stage of jointing to booting). After grouting, the nutrition of nitrogen and phosphorus was different, the phosphorus uptake remained at a high level, and the accumulation of phosphorus in the early filling stage to maturity stage was larger; the accumulation of nitrogen decreased by 2 8.27% ~ 31.9%. Before winter and then return to green, soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus are relatively stable. After returning to green, the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus were obviously different, the content of available nitrogen decreased significantly, and the lowest appeared at the initial stage of grain filling. The available phosphorus increased obviously and a peak appeared at booting stage. Correlation analysis showed that the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by winter wheat were closely related to the dynamic changes of soil available nutrients