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医院内感染中以泌尿道感染最常见,据一些文献报告约占全部医院内感染的35％,但其感染率因研究者对感染的定义、调查方法和选择研究对象不同而难于比较。在美国约2％的住院病人发生院内泌尿道感染,即每年全国有50万人以上,其中1％伴有菌血症是潜在的致命性疾病。病原学院内泌尿道感染以大肠杆菌最常见,约占院内感染菌尿的50％,其它革兰氏阴性杆菌主要是变形杆菌属,克雷白氏杆菌属、绿脓杆菌、肠杆菌和沙雷氏菌属,其中沙雷氏菌属和克雷白氏杆菌属较易发生菌血症。也有一些报告大肠杆菌和变形杆菌的感染率低,可能是住院与导尿时间,延长则转变为菌尿。革兰氏阳性球菌和念珠菌在感染中的作用很难确定,因为许多文献资料中没把它们考虑为有意义的病原菌。
Urinary tract infections are the most common nosocomial infections, accounting for some 35% of all nosocomial infections in some literature, but their prevalence is difficult to compare due to the researchers’ definition of infection, the method of investigation, and the choice of study. In the United States, about 2% of hospitalized patients have a urinary tract infection, which means that there are more than 500,000 people in the country each year, of whom 1% is associated with bacteremia as a potentially fatal disease. Etiology College urinary tract infection to the most common E. coli, accounting for 50% of nosocomial bacteria in urine, and other Gram-negative bacilli are mainly Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Sara Bacteria, of which Serratia and Klebsiella bacteria are more susceptible to bacteremia. There are also some reports of low infection rates of E. coli and Proteus, which may be hospitalization and catheterization time, extended to bacteriuria. The role of gram-positive cocci and Candida in infection is difficult to determine because many of the literature do not consider them as meaningful pathogens.