涂尔干作为古典社会学的思想大师，其学说对于西方社会和文化理论的发展，产生了至深至远的影响。但令人遗憾的是，在当今的学术界，人们理解涂尔干，却往往满足于各种二手资料，鲜少立足于当代去重新解读涂尔干的经典作品，从中深入开掘那些对今天仍然具有理论和实践意义的问题。这不能不说是我们学术研究中的一个误区。本文着重从涂尔干的社会理论中，抽取失范、法人团体以及以类比与分类为代表的知识社会学等三个向度，试图对涂尔干有关现代社会分析的关键问题进行梳理和解析。本文认为，涂尔干用社会决定论来建构个体主义的尝试，不仅指明了现代性转变所牵连的核心问题所在，同时也在社会调控和深度自我两方面开启了有别于以往历史的样式。特别是，社会技术和自我技术的双向开展，在自我有限性的基础上，为建构新的社会形式开创了可能性 Durkheim, as a master of thought in classical sociology, has had profound and far-reaching effects on the development of Western social and cultural theories. Regrettably, however, in today’s academic world, people understand that Durkheim is often content with a variety of second-hand materials and seldom re-interprets Durkheim’s contemporary works from the contemporary era. Questions of theoretical and practical significance. This can not but be a misunderstanding in our academic research. This dissertation focuses on three different dimensions of Durkheim’s social theory, such as amending the law, legal person body and knowledge sociology represented by analogy and classification, trying to sort out and analyze Durkheim’s key problems in modern society analysis. This article argues that Durkheim’s attempt to construct individualism with social determinism not only points to the core issues underlying the transformation of modernity but also opens up a new paradigm different from the past in terms of social regulation and self-depth. In particular, the two-way development of social technology and self-technology opens up the possibility of building new social forms on the basis of self-limitedness