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目的了解宁海县企业职业病危害因素,为有效控制与消除职业病危害因素提供依据。方法从健康危害监测信息系统导出2009—2013年宁海县企业工作场所职业病危害因素检测数据,进行汇总分析。结果企业工作场所职业病危害因素检测覆盖率为35.30%,平均合格率为83.57%。从规模和经济类型分以小型私有制企业为主,行业分布以制造业为主。职业病危害因素有43种,化学毒物、粉尘和物理因素3个类别合格率分别为96.00%、83.29%和78.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);职业病危害因素主要为矽尘、煤尘、棉尘、电焊烟尘、噪声和高温、苯系物、氯化氢和氢氧化钠。结论宁海县企业职业病危害因素呈现多样性,检测覆盖率和合格率均较低,职业病防治工作有待改善。
Objective To understand the hazards of occupational diseases in enterprises in Ninghai County and provide the basis for effective control and elimination of occupational hazards. Methods The data of occupational hazards in workplace of Ninghai County from 2009 to 2013 were derived from health hazard monitoring information system and analyzed. Results The coverage rate of occupational hazards in the workplace was 35.30% with an average pass rate of 83.57%. From the size and type of economy to small private-owned enterprises, industry distribution mainly manufacturing. There were 43 kinds of occupational hazards and the passing rates of chemical poisons, dusts and physical factors were 96.00%, 83.29% and 78.25%, respectively, with significant differences (P <0.05). The main occupational hazards were silica dust, coal Dust, cotton dust, welding dust, noise and heat, benzene, hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide. Conclusion The occupational hazards in Ninghai County are diversified with low detection rate and pass rate, and the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases need to be improved.