工业化和发展(我们正处在由联合国发起的第三个十年发展规划进行过程之中)经常以模仿的形式出现——完全照抄别人以前做过的事,以便推进经济的改善过程。钢铁工业是说明这一现象的,适例,当铁矿石容易搞到或者进口不太贵时,这种作法是有助益的。对一个发展中国家来说,这种技术转移在任何其他部门或许都没有像在化学工业中那样有可能要付出昂贵的代价。我这样说,当然并不仅仅指化学原料的开采和精炼所需的高额费用;我还指进口或在国内加工现代工业所需的精制化学产品所需的高额费用,这些产 Industrialization and development, which we are now in the process of developing the Third Decade initiated by the United Nations, often appear in the form of imitation - a complete copy of what others have done to advance the process of economic improvement. The steel industry is illustrative of this phenomenon and is a good practice when iron ore is easy to import or not expensive to import. To a developing country, such a shift in technology may not be as costly as any in other sectors as it is in the chemical industry. I say, of course, that it does not, of course, refer only to the high costs of extracting and refining chemical raw materials; I also refer to the high costs of importing refined chemicals required for the processing of modern industry in the country,