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自孔子开创儒家学派迄于朱子,历时一千七百余年。期间,儒学经历了复杂的继承与流变。特别是经过魏晋南北朝以来佛学的长期挑战,到唐朝中晚期,士大夫的儒家立场,或者说儒家的身份意识逐渐模糊。钱穆先生指出:“远自东汉至唐代,大门第迭起,实尚保有儒家相传修身治家之风范与规格。自唐中晚之际,大门第相继崩溃,此种规格与风范,渐已不复存在。其时社会上乃只充斥着诗人与佛教信徒。”1朱子对于儒学的这个历史流变过程,有着极为深刻
Since Confucius founded Confucianism as of Zhu, lasted for more than 1600 years. During Confucianism experienced a complex inheritance and change. Especially after the long-term challenge of Buddhism since the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Confucianist position of the scholar-officials in the late Tang Dynasty, or the sense of identity of Confucianism, became increasingly blurred. Qian Mu pointed out: “Far from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the door after another, it still retains Confucianism self-governing style and specifications. Since the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the door collapsed one after another, such specifications and demeanor, gradually There is no longer there, at which time the community was filled with only poets and Buddhists. ”1 Zhu’s profound understanding of this historic process of Confucianism