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摘要:本文从气候与环境保护视角切入,运用双边随机前沿分析方法,定量分析中国能源融资效率问题,得到的研究结论为:财政政策、能源投资等因素对能源融资具有正向效应,货币政策、能源储量等因素对能源融资具有负向效应。能源融资效率受到气候环境保护约束和能源工业经营发展冲动正反两个方面因素的共同影响,两者的综合影响为负,这将导致能源融资效率往往偏低且资源型地区融资不足问题更为突出。
关键词:能源融资;货币政策;能源储量;气候与环境保护
中图分类号:F4065文献标识码:A文章编号:1000176X(2015)11003208
五、研究结论与政策建议
对于一个国家而言,污染在所难免,通过低碳化的能源投融资策略有效降低污染物排放是行之有效的方式之一。能源融资作为调控能源投资的重要措施,其优势在于便于选择比较优势突出的地区调控能源融资效率,进而实现能源—经济—环境—气候协调发展。本文研究表明:第一,地区能源投资、地方财政一般预算支出、地区能源消费量和地区能源工业增加值占比等因素对地区能源融资具有正向的上拉效应,货币供应量、重点地区可吸入颗粒物、能源工业增加值和地区资源储量等因素对地区能源融资具有负向下拉效应。第二,气候环境保护约束和能源工业经营发展冲动对能源融资规模具有正反两方面的重要影响,其中,气候环境保护约束相对于能源工业经营发展冲动具有更强的影响力,即两者的综合影响为负,这就导致能源融资效率往往偏低。第三,东北地区和能源工业发达地区的能源融资不足问题更为突出。
根据上述研究结论,本文提出如下政策建議:第一,切实发挥气候环境保护政策对能源融资的调控作用。分地区建立能源消费总量控制政策,鼓励低碳融资,引导金融机构大力支持循环经济建设。第二,减少政府部门直接干预。引导能源工业切实增强自主创新能力,大力推广煤制油、煤制气技术,通过延伸产业链条,提高赢利能力,通过市场作用,吸引社会资金进入能源融资领域。第三,建立能源融资质量评价体系。梳理能源融资的重点和薄弱环节,坚持“用好增量、盘活存量”和“有扶有控”等信贷管理政策,严格限制对“两高一资”能源企业的融资支持,加大能源低碳项目的融资支持,通过“腾笼换鸟”,不断优化能源融资结构,提高能源融资效率。第四,鼓励金融机构推广绿色信贷。探索开办能源供应链金融等创新服务,通过对上下游能源企业的减排融资服务,促进金融资本与低碳能源资本的深度融合,形成优质的能源金融生态环境。第五,拓展能源金融的直接融资渠道。加快建立能源现货、期货市场,推广能源私募投资基金,开展能源类企业信贷资产证券化试点工作,规范和引导社会资金流向低碳生产技术等高端研发领域。第六,坚持能源生产建设项目“三同时”制度。加大对现有能源工业污染源治理的政策扶持力度,严禁金融机构在融资过程中“挑肥拣瘦”,引导其进一步扩大新建项目的“三同时”环保融资规模。此外,应引导能源企业积极参与清洁发展机制,综合利用国内外气候保护资金有效支持能源工业的温室气体减排,提高能源综合利用效率。
参考文献:
[1]Myers, S The Capital Structure Puzzle[J] The Journal of Finance, 1984,39(3):575-592
[2]Myers, S, Majluf, N Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms Have Information that Investors do not[J] Journal of Financial Economics, 1984, 13(2):187-221
[3]Stephen, A The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive Signaling Approach[J]Bell Journal of Economics, 1977, 8(1):23-40
[4]Bens, B, Mark, G, Simon, G The Financial Accelerate and the Flight to Quality[R] Working Paper, NO4789,1994
[5]Harvey, L Allocative Efficiency vs ‘X-Efficiency’[J] The American Economic Review, 1966, 56(3):392-415
[6]Berger, AN, Mester, LJ Efficiency and Productivity Change in US Commercial Banking Industry: A Comparison of the 1980s and 1990s[R] Federal Reserve Bank of Philadephia, Working Paper, NO97-5,1997
[7]曾康霖怎样看待直接融资与间接融资[J]四川金融,1993, (11):21-21
[8]宋文兵关于融资方式需要澄清的几个问题[J]金融研究,1998,(1):35-37
[9]刘海虹国有企业融资效率与银行危机相关性研究[J]财经问题研究,2000,(3):24-27
[10]文宏融资偏好与融资效率——对中国上市公司的实证研究[J]当代经济科学,1999,(6):38-43
[11]沈友华中国企业融资效率及影响因素研究[D]南昌:江西财经大学博士学位论文,2009
[9]邵永同,陈淑珍基于DEA方法的中国上市生物医药企业融资效率实证研究[J]科技管理研究,2013,(2):174-178 [10]Nordhaus, WD Rolling the ‘Dice’: An Optimal Transition Path for Constrolling Greenhouse Gases[J][R] Yale University, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper, NO1992
Resource and Energy Economics,1993,15(1):27-50
[11]Ayong, AD, Kama, L Sustainable Growth,Renewable Resources and Pollution[J]Jounal of Economics Dynamics & Control, 2001, 25(12):1911-1918
[12]王灿,陈吉宇,邹骥基于CGE模型的CO2减排对中国经济的影响[J]清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(12):1621-1624
[13]王铮,吴静,朱永彬,等气候保护的经济学研究[M]北京:科学出版社,201052-65
[14]Kumbhaker, SC, Parmeter, CF The Effect of Match Uncertainty and Bargaining on Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Firm and Worker Specific Estimates[J] Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2010,31(1):1-14
[15]Cleary, S The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status[J]The Journal of Finance, 1999, 54(2):673-692
The Study on Efficiency of China Regional Energy Financing
——Based on perspectives of climate and environmental protection
Xing Yi1,2
(1School of Finance, Dongbei University of Finance& Economics;
2Administration Office, Peoples Bank of China Taiyuan Central Branch)
Abstract:Angles on the perspectives of climate and environmental protection, this paper used the bilateral stochastic frontier analysis method, quantitatively analyzed the financing efficiency of the energy industry in China The author draws the following conclusions by model analysis: The fiscal policy, the investment of energy industry and other factors have a positive effect on financing of the energy industry in China Monetary policy, natural resource reserves and other factors have a negative effect on it The constraint of climate and environmental policy and the impulsion of operation and development of the energy enterprise have common influence on energy industry financing The combined effects of both sides are negative It will result in lower efficiency of the energy financing The problem of insufficient financing in the energy industry will be more prominent in developed regions
Key words:the financing of energy industry; efficiency evaluation; the protection of climate and environmental protection; bilateral stochastic frontier analysis
(責任编辑:徐雅雯)
关键词:能源融资;货币政策;能源储量;气候与环境保护
中图分类号:F4065文献标识码:A文章编号:1000176X(2015)11003208
五、研究结论与政策建议
对于一个国家而言,污染在所难免,通过低碳化的能源投融资策略有效降低污染物排放是行之有效的方式之一。能源融资作为调控能源投资的重要措施,其优势在于便于选择比较优势突出的地区调控能源融资效率,进而实现能源—经济—环境—气候协调发展。本文研究表明:第一,地区能源投资、地方财政一般预算支出、地区能源消费量和地区能源工业增加值占比等因素对地区能源融资具有正向的上拉效应,货币供应量、重点地区可吸入颗粒物、能源工业增加值和地区资源储量等因素对地区能源融资具有负向下拉效应。第二,气候环境保护约束和能源工业经营发展冲动对能源融资规模具有正反两方面的重要影响,其中,气候环境保护约束相对于能源工业经营发展冲动具有更强的影响力,即两者的综合影响为负,这就导致能源融资效率往往偏低。第三,东北地区和能源工业发达地区的能源融资不足问题更为突出。
根据上述研究结论,本文提出如下政策建議:第一,切实发挥气候环境保护政策对能源融资的调控作用。分地区建立能源消费总量控制政策,鼓励低碳融资,引导金融机构大力支持循环经济建设。第二,减少政府部门直接干预。引导能源工业切实增强自主创新能力,大力推广煤制油、煤制气技术,通过延伸产业链条,提高赢利能力,通过市场作用,吸引社会资金进入能源融资领域。第三,建立能源融资质量评价体系。梳理能源融资的重点和薄弱环节,坚持“用好增量、盘活存量”和“有扶有控”等信贷管理政策,严格限制对“两高一资”能源企业的融资支持,加大能源低碳项目的融资支持,通过“腾笼换鸟”,不断优化能源融资结构,提高能源融资效率。第四,鼓励金融机构推广绿色信贷。探索开办能源供应链金融等创新服务,通过对上下游能源企业的减排融资服务,促进金融资本与低碳能源资本的深度融合,形成优质的能源金融生态环境。第五,拓展能源金融的直接融资渠道。加快建立能源现货、期货市场,推广能源私募投资基金,开展能源类企业信贷资产证券化试点工作,规范和引导社会资金流向低碳生产技术等高端研发领域。第六,坚持能源生产建设项目“三同时”制度。加大对现有能源工业污染源治理的政策扶持力度,严禁金融机构在融资过程中“挑肥拣瘦”,引导其进一步扩大新建项目的“三同时”环保融资规模。此外,应引导能源企业积极参与清洁发展机制,综合利用国内外气候保护资金有效支持能源工业的温室气体减排,提高能源综合利用效率。
参考文献:
[1]Myers, S The Capital Structure Puzzle[J] The Journal of Finance, 1984,39(3):575-592
[2]Myers, S, Majluf, N Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms Have Information that Investors do not[J] Journal of Financial Economics, 1984, 13(2):187-221
[3]Stephen, A The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive Signaling Approach[J]Bell Journal of Economics, 1977, 8(1):23-40
[4]Bens, B, Mark, G, Simon, G The Financial Accelerate and the Flight to Quality[R] Working Paper, NO4789,1994
[5]Harvey, L Allocative Efficiency vs ‘X-Efficiency’[J] The American Economic Review, 1966, 56(3):392-415
[6]Berger, AN, Mester, LJ Efficiency and Productivity Change in US Commercial Banking Industry: A Comparison of the 1980s and 1990s[R] Federal Reserve Bank of Philadephia, Working Paper, NO97-5,1997
[7]曾康霖怎样看待直接融资与间接融资[J]四川金融,1993, (11):21-21
[8]宋文兵关于融资方式需要澄清的几个问题[J]金融研究,1998,(1):35-37
[9]刘海虹国有企业融资效率与银行危机相关性研究[J]财经问题研究,2000,(3):24-27
[10]文宏融资偏好与融资效率——对中国上市公司的实证研究[J]当代经济科学,1999,(6):38-43
[11]沈友华中国企业融资效率及影响因素研究[D]南昌:江西财经大学博士学位论文,2009
[9]邵永同,陈淑珍基于DEA方法的中国上市生物医药企业融资效率实证研究[J]科技管理研究,2013,(2):174-178 [10]Nordhaus, WD Rolling the ‘Dice’: An Optimal Transition Path for Constrolling Greenhouse Gases[J][R] Yale University, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper, NO1992
Resource and Energy Economics,1993,15(1):27-50
[11]Ayong, AD, Kama, L Sustainable Growth,Renewable Resources and Pollution[J]Jounal of Economics Dynamics & Control, 2001, 25(12):1911-1918
[12]王灿,陈吉宇,邹骥基于CGE模型的CO2减排对中国经济的影响[J]清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(12):1621-1624
[13]王铮,吴静,朱永彬,等气候保护的经济学研究[M]北京:科学出版社,201052-65
[14]Kumbhaker, SC, Parmeter, CF The Effect of Match Uncertainty and Bargaining on Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Firm and Worker Specific Estimates[J] Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2010,31(1):1-14
[15]Cleary, S The Relationship between Firm Investment and Financial Status[J]The Journal of Finance, 1999, 54(2):673-692
The Study on Efficiency of China Regional Energy Financing
——Based on perspectives of climate and environmental protection
Xing Yi1,2
(1School of Finance, Dongbei University of Finance& Economics;
2Administration Office, Peoples Bank of China Taiyuan Central Branch)
Abstract:Angles on the perspectives of climate and environmental protection, this paper used the bilateral stochastic frontier analysis method, quantitatively analyzed the financing efficiency of the energy industry in China The author draws the following conclusions by model analysis: The fiscal policy, the investment of energy industry and other factors have a positive effect on financing of the energy industry in China Monetary policy, natural resource reserves and other factors have a negative effect on it The constraint of climate and environmental policy and the impulsion of operation and development of the energy enterprise have common influence on energy industry financing The combined effects of both sides are negative It will result in lower efficiency of the energy financing The problem of insufficient financing in the energy industry will be more prominent in developed regions
Key words:the financing of energy industry; efficiency evaluation; the protection of climate and environmental protection; bilateral stochastic frontier analysis
(責任编辑:徐雅雯)