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上海会审公廨在近代中国法制现代化过程中具有重要地位,已有研究视角主要集中于中外关系和法律制度的建立与运行。对会审公廨收回时段的状况研究较少,尤其是对国内因素对收回会审公廨所产生的影响有所忽视。从国内关系视角将会审公廨收回置于民国司法改革下研究,可发现民国前两次司法改革中的会审公廨收回受到不同权力——利益主体的竞逐,导致会审公廨收回呈现从单一“外人化”问题转变为“外人化”和“地方化”双重问题的叠加。面对多元权力——利益主体竞逐,南京国民政府以司法权中央集权化模式取代北洋政府时期会审公廨收回的地方化模式,来实现上海特区法院的单一效忠与对该法院的有效治理。这种模式的转变体现了司法工具主义的兴起,并在一定程度上实现了南京国民政府司法改革的多元目标,强化了其对司法权中央集权化模式效果偏好。然而,地方化问题并未根除,且该问题与司法工具主义混杂给当时司法发展带来负面影响。当今司法改革所面对的司法去行政化和去地方化与会审公廨收回所面临问题具有相似性,必须在司法改革中有效处理司法与地方权力的问题,实现司法作为组织上的独立。
The Court of Representative Examination in Shanghai plays an important role in the process of modernization of the legal system in modern China. The existing research perspective mainly focuses on the establishment and operation of Sino-foreign relations and the legal system. There are few studies on the recovery period of the public prosecutions, especially the neglect of the impact of domestic factors on the recovery of the public prosecutions. From the perspective of domestic relations, the trial of public prosecutorial justice in the Republic of China under the judicial reform can be found in the first two judicial reforms in the Republic of China to recover by different powers - the competing interests of the main body, “Externalization ” problem into “externalization ” and “localization ” double the superposition of issues. In the face of multiple rights and competing interests, the Nanjing National Government replaced the localized mode of recovering the session of public prosecution in Beiyang Government with centralized centralization of judicial power to realize the single loyalty of the Shanghai Special Administrative Region court and the effective governance of the court. The transformation of this model reflects the rise of judicial instrumentalism and to a certain extent, fulfilled the multiple objectives of the judicial reform of the Nanjing National Government and strengthened its preference for the centralized centralization of judicial power. However, the issue of localization has not been eradicated, and the confusion with the judicial instrumentalism has negatively affected the judicial development at the time. At present, judicature reform faces the problem of the democratization of administration and de-localization and the recovery of the trial public prosecution have similarities, we must effectively handle the issue of judicial and local power in the judicial reform, and realize the independence of the judiciary as an organization.