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重链抗体(heavy chain antibody,HcAb)是存在于骆驼和鲨鱼类动物体内,轻链天然缺失,只有重链组成的新型抗体分子。重链抗体和普通的抗体相比虽然缺失了轻链,但是依然保留结合抗原的能力。通过基因工程的改造获得仅有可变区,但保留结合能力的新型工程抗体——单域抗体(single-domain antibody),也被称为纳米抗体(nanobody),具有相对分子质量小、稳定性高、易表达等优点;同时,克服了人源抗体改造后亲和力降低、易聚集等缺点,成为抗体药物研究领域的新型抗体分子。
Heavy chain antibody (HcAb) is a new type of antibody molecule that exists in camel and shark animals and has light chain naturally deleted and heavy chain only. Heavy chain antibodies retain the ability to bind antigens although they lack the light chain compared to common antibodies. A new engineered antibody, single-domain antibody, also known as nanobody, which has only variable region but still has the ability to bind, has been obtained through genetic engineering modification, and has the advantages of low relative molecular mass, stability High, easy to express, etc .; at the same time, it overcomes the disadvantages of reduced affinity and easy aggregation after the human antibody is modified, and becomes a new type of antibody molecule in the field of antibody drug research.