众所周知,无论是儿童的先天素质还是儿童所处的环境都不能单独决定儿童今后的发展。发展心理学家试图从这两大要素的互动中寻求发展的答案。托马斯和柴斯所提出的“拟合优度模型”就是描述气质与环境压力如何结合起来影响儿童发展进程的。该理论认为,当孩子的反应方式与环境要求和谐一致时,或者说达到一种“良好拟合”时,则其发展状况是令人乐观的。而当气质与环境存 It is a well-known fact that neither the innate quality of a child nor the environment in which a child is living alone can determine the future development of a child. Developmental psychologists try to seek developmental answers from the interaction of these two elements. The “goodness-of-fit” model proposed by Thomas and Chai is to describe how temperament and environmental stress combine to affect children’s development. The theory holds that children’s development is optimistic when they respond in harmony with the environment, or when they reach a “good fit.” And when the temperament and the environment